What causes Horner-Trantas dots?
Peri-limbal Horner-Trantas dots are focal white limbal dots consisting of degenerated epithelial cells and eosinophils. Limbal disease can result in a limbal stem cell deficiency which can lead to pannus formation with corneal neovascularization. Corneal signs vary according to the severity of the disease process.
What is the palpebral conjunctiva?
The palpebral conjunctiva lines the eyelids. The bulbar conjunctiva is found on the eyeball over the anterior sclera. Tenon’s capsule binds it to the underlying sclera. The potential space between Tenon’s capsule and the sclera is frequently used for local anesthesia.
What are the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva?
The bulbar conjunctiva covers the anterior part of the sclera (the white of the eye). It does not cover the cornea. The palpebral conjunctiva covers the inner surface of the upper and lower eyelids. The bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva are both continuous, making it impossible to lose a contact lens behind your eye.
What’s a conjunctiva?
The conjunctiva is the thin clear tissue that lies over the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelid. Children get it a lot. It can be highly contagious (it spreads rapidly in schools and day-care centers), but it’s rarely serious.
What is Cobblestoning of the eye?
VKC symptoms include inflammation of the outer membrane of the eye. This causes the eyes to become red and may cause blurred vision. The eyes become sensitive to light and itch intensely. Usually both eyes are affected, and cobblestone-like changes appear in the upper eyelid linings (palpebral conjunctiva).
What is VKC?
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is an allergic eye disease that especially affects young boys. The most common symptoms are itching, photophobia, burning, and tearing. The most common signs are giant papillae, superficial keratitis, and conjunctival hyperaemia.
What is a cobblestone in the eye?
Pavingstone (cobblestone) degeneration is a peripheral retinal degeneration characterized by multiple rounded, punched-out areas of chorioretinal atrophy with prominent underlying choroidal vessels and pigmented borders (▶ Fig. 44.1).
What is a concretion in the eye?
Concretions are small white or yellowish dots, usually less than 1mm in diameter, commonly seen on the undersides of the eyelids. They contain cell debris and calcium. They may be the result of past inflammation. Occasionally they cause irritation or the feeling that there is something in the eye.
What is palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva?
In the palpebral form, square, hard, flattened, closely packed, pale pink to grayish cobblestone papillae are present in the upper tarsal conjunctiva. The uninvolved bulbar conjunctiva is milky white. In the bulbar (limbal) form, the circumcorneal conjunctiva becomes hypertrophied and grayish.
What is cobblestoning of the upper conjunctiva?
Cobblestoning (vernal) or papillary hypertrophy (giant papillary) of upper tarsal conjunctiva in chronic forms
What is the color of the upper tarsal conjunctiva?
In the palpebral form, square, hard, flattened, closely packed, pale pink to grayish cobblestone papillae are present in the upper tarsal conjunctiva. The uninvolved bulbar conjunctiva is milky white.
What are the physical findings characteristic of keratoconjunctivitis (kJ)?
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Usually, the palpebral conjunctiva of the upper eyelid is involved, but the bulbar conjunctiva is sometimes affected. In the palpebral form, square, hard, flattened, closely packed, pale pink to grayish cobblestone papillae are present in the upper tarsal conjunctiva. The uninvolved bulbar conjunctiva is milky white.