What are isotonic fluids?
Isotonic solutions are IV fluids that have a similar concentration of dissolved particles as blood. An example of an isotonic IV solution is 0.9% Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl).
What are hypertonic fluids?
Hypertonic fluids contain a higher concentration of solute compared to plasma and interstitial fluid; this creates an osmotic gradient and drives fluid from the interstitial space into the intravascular space.
What is crystalloid fluid?
Crystalloid fluids are a subset of intravenous solutions that are frequently used in the clinical setting. Crystalloid fluids are the first choice for fluid resuscitation in the presence of hypovolemia, hemorrhage, sepsis, and dehydration.
What are crystalloid fluids examples?
Other commercially available crystalloid fluids include:
- Lactated Ringer’s/Hartman’s solution (lactate buffered solution)
- Acetate buffered solution.
- Acetate and lactate buffered solution.
- Acetate and gluconate buffered solution.
- 0.45% NaCl (hypotonic solution)
- 3% NaCl (hypertonic solution)
- 5% Dextrose in water.
What is an example of isotonic?
Common examples of isotonic solutions are 0.9% normal saline and lactated ringers. These fluids are useful when the patient has lost fluid volume from blood loss, trauma, or dehydration due to excessive nausea/vomiting or diarrhea.
What is hypertonic saline used for?
Hypertonic Saline is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of electrolyte and fluid replenisher used as a source of water and electrolytes. Hypertonic Saline may be used alone or with other medications.
Is distilled water isotonic?
Distilled water represents a hypotonic solution, yet the cells do not burst because of the cell wall.
Is salt water isotonic?
Isotonic solutions have the same water concentration on both sides of the cell membrane. Blood is isotonic. Hypertonic solutions have less water ( and more solute such as salt or sugar ) than a cell. Seawater is hypertonic.
Which saline is best for dehydration?
Hypotonic: The most common type of hypotonic IV fluid is called half-normal saline — which contains 0.45% sodium chloride and 5% glucose . This type is often used to treat dehydration from hypernatremia, metabolic acidosis, and diabetic ketoacidosis.