What is the structure of silicon and germanium?
Diamond Cubic Crystal Structure Silicon and Germanium are examples of covalent crystals. In these solids the atoms are linked to each other by covalent bonds rather than by electrostatic forces or by delocalized valence electrons that work in metals almost like a “glue”.
What is the atomic structure of germanium?
Germanium, Ge The electronic configuration of germanium is (Ar)(3d)10(4s)2(4p)2 and the atomic radius is 0.137 nm. Germanium has the diamond cubic crystal structure shown, an fcc lattice with a basis of two germanium atoms, one at (0,0,0) and the other at (1/4, 1/4, 1/4) in units of the cube edge.
What is the difference between silicon and germanium semiconductor?
Silicon and germanium have four valence electrons but at the given temperature germanium will have more free electrons and higher conductivity than silicon. Silicon is more widely used in the electronic device than germanium since it can be used at a higher temperature.
How are the atoms of pure silicon or germanium arranged?
As there are very few free electrons available to move around the silicon crystal, crystals of pure silicon (or germanium) are therefore good insulators, or at the very least very high value resistors. Silicon atoms are arranged in a definite symmetrical pattern making them a crystalline solid structure.
What is silicon atomic structure?
Pure silicon is a hard, dark gray solid with a metallic lustre and with a octahedral crystalline structure the same as that of the diamond form of carbon, to which silicon shows many chemical and physical similarities.
What is the use of silicon and germanium?
Silicon-germanium is an important material that is used for the fabrication of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors and strained Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors for advanced complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and BiCMOS (bipolar CMOS) technologies.
What is difference between silicon and germanium diode?
A Silicon Diode is a semiconductor that has both positive and negative charge polarity and can allow an electrical current to flow in one direction whilst restricting another. A Germanium Diode works in the same way but has a low forward voltage which results in it being a low power loss and an efficient diode.
What are the main differences between a silicon diode and a germanium diode?
The primary difference between silicon and germanium diodes is the voltage needed for the diode to turn on (or become “forward-biased”). Silicon diodes require 0.7 volts to become forward-biased, whereas germanium diodes require only 0.3 volts to become forward-biased.
What are the differences between germanium and silicon diodes?
What is the electron configuration of silicon and germanium?
Furthermore, the electrons configuration of silicon is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 2 and the electron configuration of germanium is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p 2. Therefore, as a significant difference between silicon and germanium, we can say these configurations. Moreover, germanium atom has a larger radius than silicon.
Which has more valence electrons silicon or germanium?
Each has four valence electrons, but germanium will at a given temperature have more free electrons and a higher conductivity. Silicon is by far the more widely used semiconductor for electronics, partly because it can be used at much higher temperatures than germanium. Silicon crystal structure Discussion of lattice Intrinsic semiconductor
Summary – Silicon vs Germanium. Both silicon and germanium are useful as semiconductors. However, there are differences between silicon and germanium. The key difference between silicon and germanium is that the Germanium has d electrons, but Silicon does not have any d electrons.
Is the diamond structure also adopted by silicon and germanium?
The diamond structure is also adopted by silicon and germanium. We performed the XRD analysis of two mono-crystalline silicon samples: a 1 cm side cube and a thin 0.5 mm thickness plate.