What is paratyphoid and how does it differ from typhoid?
Typhoid fever is a systemic disease acquired by the ingestion of food or water contaminated by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Paratyphoid is a clinically similar illness, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A, B or C. These organisms are usually referred to as S. Typhi and S.
How do you get paratyphoid?
Paratyphoid is caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica of the serotypes Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, or Paratyphi C growing in the intestines and blood. They are usually spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person.
What are the predisposing factors of paratyphoid?
Consistent with this, independent risk factors for the intrahousehold spread of typhoid were poor handwashing hygiene and sharing of food from the same plate. On the other hand, risk factors for transmission of paratyphoid were outside the household (ie, flooding, consumption of foods from street vendors).
Is paratyphoid fever contagious?
Typhoid fever is a highly contagious disease that’s mostly spread through fecal contamination of food and water. When caught early, the disease can be treated with a course of antibiotics. However, if it’s left untreated, the disease can become severe and even fatal.
What is Paratyphi A?
Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A, collectively known as typhoidal Salmonella, are causal agents for a serious, invasive (bacteraemic), sometimes fatal disease of humans called typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever (also called enteric fevers).
Who is at high risk for typhoid and paratyphoid fever?
Approximately 85% of typhoid fever and 92% of paratyphoid fever cases in the United States occur among international travelers; of those, 80% of typhoid and 91% of paratyphoid fever cases caused by Paratyphi A are acquired by travelers to southern Asia (primarily India, Pakistan, or Bangladesh).
What is the symptom of paratyphoid?
The most common symptoms of paratyphoid infection include high fever, headaches, weakness, loss of appetite, and diarrhea or constipation. Some people get “rose-colored spots” on the front of the chest during the first week of illness.
How is paratyphoid treated?
Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are treated with antibiotics. Resistance to antibiotics is increasing [PDF – 516 KB] in the bacteria that cause these diseases. When bacteria are resistant to antibiotics, the bacteria are not killed and their growth is not stopped when antibiotics are taken.
How is Paratyphi diagnosed?
The symptoms of paratyphoid fever usually begin 6–30 days after exposure, and then a gradual onset of a high fever occurs over several days [22]. Headaches, loss of appetite, and weakness also commonly occur, and a skin rash with rose-colored spots manifests in some individuals.
What is paratyphoid chicken?
As applied to poultry diseases, the term ”paratyphoid” denotes diseases caused by micro-organisms of the Sal- monella group other than Salmonella pullorum (puUorum disease) and Sal- monella gallinarum (fowl typhoid). More than 60 of the 200-odd types of Salmonella that are known to exist cause diseases in poultry.
What are the symptoms of paratyphoid?
What are the signs and symptoms of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever?
- Weakness.
- Stomach pain.
- Headache.
- Diarrhea or constipation.
- Cough.
- Loss of appetite.