What is chief cell and its function?
The primary function of gastric chief cells is the synthesis and release of the proenzyme pepsinogen, which subsequently, in an acid environment, is converted to the acid protease pepsin.
What do peptic cells do?
The gastric chief cell (also known as a zymogenic cell or peptic cell) is a cell in the stomach that releases pepsinogen and chymosin. Pepsinogen is activated into the digestive enzyme pepsin when it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid produced by gastric parietal cells.
What are the roles of the parietal and chief cells?
The two main types of exocrine secretory cells of the stomach are parietal cells and chief cells. Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and chief cells secrete digestive enzymes such as pepsin. These cells secrete their products when activated by signals from the body such as hormones and neurotransmitters.
Why are chief cells called chief cells?
Chief cells release the zymogen (enzyme precursor) pepsinogen when stimulated by a variety of factors including cholinergic activity from the vagus nerve and acidic condition in the stomach….Gastric chief cell.
Chief cell | |
---|---|
Part of | Stomach |
System | Digestive system |
Identifiers | |
Latin | exocrinocytus principalis |
Where do parietal cells go?
These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and body regions of the stomach. They contain an extensive secretory network of canaliculi from which the HCl is secreted by active transport into the stomach….
Parietal cell | |
---|---|
A parietal cell. | |
Control of stomach acid | |
Details | |
Location | Stomach |
What stimulates parietal cells?
Parietal cells are stimulated directly and indirectly by neural (acetylcholine), endocrine (gastrin), and paracrine (histamine) mechanisms. In a neural mechanism, depolarization of vagal postganglionic nerve fibers releases ACh which then binds to the muscarinic M3 receptor on parietal cells.
What is the difference between parietal cells and chief cells?
Parietal cells are the epithelial cells that secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. They are located in the gastric glands found in lining of fundus and stomach. The gastric chief cells , are cells in the stomach that release pepsinogen and chymosin.
What is pepsinogen function?
Listen to pronunciation. (pep-SIH-noh-jen) A substance made by cells in the stomach. Acid in the stomach changes pepsinogen to pepsin, which breaks down proteins in food during digestion.
Why is parietal cell important?
Parietal cells are responsible for gastric acid secretion, which aids in the digestion of food, absorption of minerals, and control of harmful bacteria.
Why are they called parietal cells?
Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells) are epithelial cells in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor….
Parietal cell | |
---|---|
Function | Gastric acid, intrinsic factor secretion |
Identifiers | |
Latin | exocrinocytus parietalis |
MeSH | D010295 |
How does histamine activate parietal cells?
When histamine binds to H2-type receptors on the parietal cell, the enzyme adenylyl cyclase is activated, leading to an increase in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations.
Can parietal cells regenerate?
When the function of parietal cells is normal, the neck cells differentiate into mature cells, and the glands regenerate intact.